«K12/K13» Sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen im Überblick

Verbindungsklasse	Allgemeine Struktur	Funktionelle Gruppe	Beispiel
Alkanole	\text{R}{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}\text{H} $R - \bar{\underline{O}} H$	{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{H} $- \bar{\underline{O}} - H$ (Hydroxygruppe)	\text{CH}_3{-}\text{OH} ${CH}_{3} - OH$ (Methanol)
Ether	\text{R}{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{R}_1 $R - \bar{\underline{O}} - R_{1}$	{-}\text{C}{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{C}{-} $- C - \bar{\underline{O}} - C -$ (Etherbrücke)	\text{CH}_3{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{CH}_3 ${CH}_{3} - \bar{\underline{O}} - {CH}_{3}$ (Dimethylether)
Alkanale	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}\| \\ {} & & & /\!/ & \\ {} \text{R} & - & \text{C} & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & \\ {} & & & & \text{H} \end{array} $\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ R & - & C \\ ∖ \\ H \end{matrix}$	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{cccc} {} & & & \overline{\text{O}}\| \\ {} & & /\!/ & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & \\ {} & & \backslash{} & \\ {} & & & \text{H} \end{array} $\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∖ \\ H \end{matrix}$ (Carbonyl-/Aldehydgruppe)	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}\| \\ {} & & & /\!/ & \\ {} \text{H} & - & \text{C} & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & \\ {} & & & & \text{H} \end{array} $\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ H & - & C \\ ∖ \\ H \end{matrix}$ (Methanal)
Alkanone	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} \text{R} & & & & \\ {} & \backslash{} & & & \\ {} & & \text{C} & = & \text{O}^\backslash_/ \\ {} & / & & & \\ {} \text{R}_1 & & & & \end{array} $\begin{matrix} R \\ ∖ \\ C & = & O_{∕}^{∖} \\ ∕ \\ R_{1} \end{matrix}$	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{cccccc} {} - & \text{C} & & & & \\ {} / & \| & \backslash{} & & & \\ {} & & & \text{C} & = & \text{O}^\backslash_/ \\ {} & & / & & & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & & & \\ {} / & \| & & & & \end{array} $\begin{matrix} - & C \\ ∕ & ∣ & ∖ \\ C & = & O_{∕}^{∖} \\ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∕ & ∣ \end{matrix}$ (Carbonyl-/Ketogruppe)	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & ^/\text{O}^\backslash & & & \\ {} & \| & & \vert\vert{} & & \| & \\ {} - & \text{C} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{C} & - \\ {} & \| & & & & \| & \end{array} $\begin{matrix} ^{∕} O^{∖} \\ ∣ & ∣ ∣ & ∣ \\ - & C & - & C & - & C & - \\ ∣ & ∣ \end{matrix}$ (Propanon)
Carbonsäuren	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{cccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}\| & \\ {} & & & /\!/ & & \\ {} \text{R} & - & \text{C} & & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & & \\ {} & & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & \text{H} \end{array} $\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ R & - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & H \end{matrix}$	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} & & & \overline{\text{O}}\| & \\ {} & & /\!/ & & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & & \\ {} & & \backslash{} & & \\ {} & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & \text{H} \end{array} $\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & H \end{matrix}$ (Carboxygruppe)	\text{H}{-}\text{COOH} $H - COOH$ (Methansäure)
Ester	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}\| & & \\ {} & & & /\!/ & & & \\ {} \text{R} & - & \text{C} & & & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & & & \\ {} & & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & - & \text{R}_1 \end{array} $\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ R & - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & - & R_{1} \end{matrix}$	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & \overline{\text{O}}\| & & & \\ {} & & /\!/ & & & & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & & & & \\ {} & & \backslash{} & & & & \\ {} & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & - & \text{C} & - \end{array} $\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & - & C & - \end{matrix}$ (Estergruppe)	\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & & & ^/\text{O}^\backslash & \\ {} & \| & & & & \vert\vert{} & \\ {} - & \text{C} & - & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & - & \text{C} & - \\ {} & \| & & & & & \end{array} $\begin{matrix} ^{∕} O^{∖} \\ ∣ & ∣ ∣ \\ - & C & - & \bar{\underline{O}} & - & C & - \\ ∣ \end{matrix}$ (Methylmethanoat)

Verbindungsklasse

Allgemeine Struktur

Funktionelle Gruppe

Beispiel

Alkanole

\text{R}{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}\text{H}

R - \bar{\underline{O}} H

{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{H}

- \bar{\underline{O}} - H

(Hydroxygruppe)

\text{CH}_3{-}\text{OH}

{CH}_{3} - OH

(Methanol)

Ether

\text{R}{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{R}_1

R - \bar{\underline{O}} - R_{1}

{-}\text{C}{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{C}{-}

- C - \bar{\underline{O}} - C -

(Etherbrücke)

\text{CH}_3{-}\overline{\underline{\text{O}}}{-}\text{CH}_3

{CH}_{3} - \bar{\underline{O}} - {CH}_{3}

(Dimethylether)

Alkanale

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}| \\ {} & & & /\!/ & \\ {} \text{R} & - & \text{C} & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & \\ {} & & & & \text{H} \end{array}

\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ R & - & C \\ ∖ \\ H \end{matrix}

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{cccc} {} & & & \overline{\text{O}}| \\ {} & & /\!/ & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & \\ {} & & \backslash{} & \\ {} & & & \text{H} \end{array}

\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∖ \\ H \end{matrix}

(Carbonyl-/Aldehydgruppe)

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}| \\ {} & & & /\!/ & \\ {} \text{H} & - & \text{C} & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & \\ {} & & & & \text{H} \end{array}

\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ H & - & C \\ ∖ \\ H \end{matrix}

(Methanal)

Alkanone

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} \text{R} & & & & \\ {} & \backslash{} & & & \\ {} & & \text{C} & = & \text{O}^\backslash_/ \\ {} & / & & & \\ {} \text{R}_1 & & & & \end{array}

\begin{matrix} R \\ ∖ \\ C & = & O_{∕}^{∖} \\ ∕ \\ R_{1} \end{matrix}

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{cccccc} {} - & \text{C} & & & & \\ {} / & | & \backslash{} & & & \\ {} & & & \text{C} & = & \text{O}^\backslash_/ \\ {} & & / & & & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & & & \\ {} / & | & & & & \end{array}

\begin{matrix} - & C \\ ∕ & ∣ & ∖ \\ C & = & O_{∕}^{∖} \\ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∕ & ∣ \end{matrix}

(Carbonyl-/Ketogruppe)

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & ^/\text{O}^\backslash & & & \\ {} & | & & \vert\vert{} & & | & \\ {} - & \text{C} & - & \text{C} & - & \text{C} & - \\ {} & | & & & & | & \end{array}

\begin{matrix} ^{∕} O^{∖} \\ ∣ & ∣ ∣ & ∣ \\ - & C & - & C & - & C & - \\ ∣ & ∣ \end{matrix}

(Propanon)

Carbonsäuren

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{cccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}| & \\ {} & & & /\!/ & & \\ {} \text{R} & - & \text{C} & & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & & \\ {} & & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & \text{H} \end{array}

\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ R & - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & H \end{matrix}

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccc} {} & & & \overline{\text{O}}| & \\ {} & & /\!/ & & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & & \\ {} & & \backslash{} & & \\ {} & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & \text{H} \end{array}

\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & H \end{matrix}

(Carboxygruppe)

\text{H}{-}\text{COOH}

H - COOH

(Methansäure)

Ester

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & & \overline{\text{O}}| & & \\ {} & & & /\!/ & & & \\ {} \text{R} & - & \text{C} & & & & \\ {} & & & \backslash{} & & & \\ {} & & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & - & \text{R}_1 \end{array}

\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ R & - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & - & R_{1} \end{matrix}

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & \overline{\text{O}}| & & & \\ {} & & /\!/ & & & & \\ {} - & \text{C} & & & & & \\ {} & & \backslash{} & & & & \\ {} & & & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & - & \text{C} & - \end{array}

\begin{matrix} \bar{O} ∣ \\ ∕ ∕ \\ - & C \\ ∖ \\ \bar{\underline{O}} & - & C & - \end{matrix}

(Estergruppe)

\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt} \begin{array}{ccccccc} {} & & & & & ^/\text{O}^\backslash & \\ {} & | & & & & \vert\vert{} & \\ {} - & \text{C} & - & \overline{\underline{\text{O}}} & - & \text{C} & - \\ {} & | & & & & & \end{array}

\begin{matrix} ^{∕} O^{∖} \\ ∣ & ∣ ∣ \\ - & C & - & \bar{\underline{O}} & - & C & - \\ ∣ \end{matrix}

(Methylmethanoat)

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